Nuffield Trust -
This research looks at variation in treatment rates for routine hospital care, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It considers changes in elective activity overall and specifically in relation to seven groups of common hospital procedures across five main ethnic groups (White, Mixed, Asian, Black and Other). The focus is on ethnic variations, but it also considers variations by deprivation and region because the proportion of ethnic minority groups is higher in more deprived areas, in cities and in some regions.