In 2007, a straw poll of GPs and practice managers by The King's Fund and NHS Alliance found that PCTs were struggling to put in place the basic building blocks of practice-based commissioning (PBC). This report investigates whether PBC has moved forward and whether it has made a difference to patient care. A new poll has found continuing commitment to PBC and optimism about its potential but progress is still hampered by a lack of local vision, a lack of clarity over roles and responsibilities and bureaucratic governance processes. (The King's Fund - publications)